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Karen Esler
Professor

email:
phone: +27 21 808 4005
fax: +27 21 808 3304

Dept of Conservation Ecology and Entomology
Stellenbosch University
Private Bag x1
Matieland
7602
   
 
 

Biography

I worked for the Botany Dept, University of Stellenbosch from 1995 to 2004 then moved into a position as Associate Professor in Conservation Ecology in January 2005.  My interests and experience lie in population and community ecology of semi-arid and riparian vegetation. The overall goal of my research has been to understand how drivers of change (climate change, over-exploitation, habitat fragmentation and alien invasion) influence population and community structure and processes in fynbos, karoo and riparian vegetation by researching aspects of seed bank ecology, germination ecology, seedling establishment and phenology. The applied aspect of this work has been to advise on aspects of restoration and conservation. I am a core member of the Centre for Invasion Biology at the University of Stellenbosch and currently serve as president of the South African Association of Botanists.

Publication List

A: PEER REVIEWED PUBLICATIONS

 

1.     Esler, K.J., Cowling, R.M, Witkowski, E.T.F. and Mustart, P.J. (1989).  Reproductive traits and accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus during the development of fruits of Protea compacta R. Br. (Calcifuge) and Protea obtusifolia Buek. ex. Meisn. (Calcicole). New Phytologist 112:109‑115.

 

2.     Esler, K.J. and Cowling, R.M. (1990).  Effects of density on the reproductive output of Protea lepidocarpodendron.  South African Journal of Botany 56:29‑33.

 

3.     Yeaton, R.I. and Esler, K.J. (1990). The dynamics of a succulent Karoo vegetation: a study of species association and recruitment. Vegetatio 88:103‑113.

 

4.     Esler, K.J. (1991).  Life history notes: Leopard tortoise (Geochelone pardalis). Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 39:27.

 

5.     Esler, K.J., Cowling, R.M. and Ivey, P.  (1992). Seed Biology of three species of Mesembryanthema in the succulent Karoo. South African Journal of Botany 58:343‑348.

 

6.     Esler, K.J. and Cowling, R.M. (1993). Edaphic factors versus competition as determinants           of pattern in South African Karoo vegetation. South African Journal of Botany 59:287-295.

 

7.     Esler, K.J. and Phillips, N.  (1994). Experimental effects of water stress on semi‑arid Succulent Karoo seedlings: implications for field seedling survivorship.  Journal of Arid Environments 26:325-337.

 

8.     Cowling, R.M., Esler, K.J., Midgely, G. and Honig, M.  (1994). Plant functional diversity, species diversity and climate in arid and semi‑arid southern Africa. Journal of Arid Environments 27:141-158.

 

9.      Esler, K.J. and Cowling, R.M. (1995).  The comparison of selected life-history characteristics of Mesembryanthema species occurring on and off Mima‑like mounds (heuweltjies) in semi arid southern Africa. Vegetatio 116:41-50.

 

10.   Rundel, P., Cowling, R.M., Esler, K.J., Mustart, P., Van Jaarsveld, E.V. and Bezuidenhout, H. (1995).  Winter growth, phenology and  leaf orientation in Pachypodium namaquanum (Apocynaceae) in the Succulent Karoo of the Richtersveld, South Africa. Oecologia 101:472-477.

 

11.   Pierce, S, Esler, K.J. and Cowling, R.M. (1995).  Smoke-induced germination of  succulents (Mesembryanthemaceae) from fire-prone and fire-free habitats in South Africa.  Oecologia 102:520-522.

 

12.   Esler, K.J. (1996).  Is botany growing in South Africa? South African Journal of Science 92:333.

 

13.   Esler, K.J. and Salchner, G. (1997). Seed germination of Sceletium tortuosum (L.) N.E.Br (Aizoaceae). Aloe 34:32-34.

 

14.   Midgley, J.J.,Cowling, R.M, Hendricks, H, Desmet, P.G. , Esler, K.J. and Rundel, P.(1997). Population ecology of tree succulents (Aloe and Pachypodium) in the arid northern Cape; decline of a keystone species. Biodiversity and Conservation 6:869-876.

 

15.   Esler, K.J. and Rundel, P.W. (1998). So what is so special about Namaqualand? South African Journal of Science 94:1-2.

 

16.   Cowling, R.M., Rundel, P.W., Desmet, P.G. and Esler, K.J. (1998). Extraordinarily high regional-scale plant diversity in southern African arid lands: subcontinental and global comparisons.  Diversity and Distributions4:27-36.

 

17.   Cowling, R.M., Esler, K.J. & Rundel, P.W. (1999). Namaqualand, South Africa – an overview of a unique winter-rainfall desert ecosystem. Plant Ecology 142:3-21.

 

18.   Eccles, N.S., Esler, K.J. and Cowling, R.M. (1999). Spatial pattern analysis in Namaqualand desert plant communities: evidence for general positive interactions. Plant Ecology 142:71-85.

 

19.   Esler, K.J. and Rundel, P.W. (1999). Comparative patterns of phenology and growth form diversity in two winter rainfall deserts: the Succulent Karoo and the Mojave Desert ecosystems. Plant Ecology 142:97-104.

 

20.   Esler, K.J., Rundel, P.W. and Vorster, P. (1999). Biogeography of prostrate-leaved geophytes in semi-arid South Africa: hypotheses on functionality. Plant Ecology 142:105-120.

 

21.   Rundel, P.W. Esler, K.J. and Cowling, R.M. (1999). Ecological and phylogenetic patterns of Carbon Isotope Discrimination in the Winter-Rainfall Flora of the Richtersveld, South Africa. Plant Ecology 142:133-148.

 

22.   Rundel, P.W., Sharifi, M.R., Gibson, A.C. and Esler, K.J. (I999). Structural and physiological adaptation to light environments in neotropical Heliconia (Heliconiaceae). Journal of Tropical Biology 14:789-802.

 

23.   Wand, S.J.E., Esler, K.J., Rundel, P.W. and Sherwin, H.W. (1999). A preliminary study of the responsiveness to seasonal atmospheric and rainfall patterns of wash woodland species in the arid Richtersveld. Plant Ecology 142:149-160.

 

24.   Wiegand, T., Milton, S.J., Esler, K.J. and Midgley, G. (2000). Live fast, die young: estimating size-age relations and mortality patterns of shrub species in the semi-arid Karoo, South Africa. Plant Ecology 150:115-131.

 

25.   Bowie, M.R., Wand, S.J.E. and Esler, K.J. (2000). Seasonal gas exchange responses under three different temperature treatments in a leaf-succulent and a drought-deciduous shrub from the Succulent Karoo. South African Journal of Botany 66:118-123.

 

26.   Wand, S.J.E., Esler, K.J. and Bowie, M.R (2001). Seasonal photosynthetic temperature responses and changes in 13C under varying temperature regimes in leaf-succulent and drought-deciduous shrubs from the Succulent Karoo, South Africa. South African Journal of Botany 67:235-243.

 

27.   Richardson, D.M., Esler, K.J and Cowling, R.M. (2001).  Mediterranean-type ecosystems – past, present and future.  An introduction.  Journal of Mediterranean Ecology 2:123-125.

 

28.   Eccles, N.S., Lamont, B., Esler, K.J. and Lamont, H. (2002). Relative performance of clumped vs. experimentally isolated plants in a South African winter-rainfall desert community. Plant  Ecology 155:219-227.

 

29.   Oberlander, K., Dreyer, L and Esler, K.J. (2002). The Biogeography of Oxalis L. in South Africa: a preliminary study. Bothalia, 32:97-100.

 

30.   Esler, K.J., Eccles, N.S. and Cowling, R.M. (2002). The horizontal distribution of roots in desert plant communities on the west coast of South Africa. South African Journal of Botany, 68:443-446

 

31.   Rundel, P.W., Patterson, M., Boonpragob., K. and  Esler, K.J. (2002). Demography and ecophysiology of Cycas siamensis in a deciduous dipterocarp woodland of central Thailand. Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society, 50 (1) 15-24

 

32.   Burke, A, Esler, K., Pienaar, E and Barnard, P (2003).  Species richness and floristic relationships between mesas and their surroundings in southern African Nama Karoo. Diversity and Distributions 9:43-53

 

33.   Witbooi, B & Esler, K. (2003) Old-field restoration: An assessment of the influence of restoration techniques on the establishment of selected Succulent Karoo species. Elsenberg Journal

 

34.   Jones, F.E. and Esler, K.J. (2004). Loss of buffering capacity of soil-stored seed banks in Eastern Nama Karoo rangelands (South Africa). Biodiversity and Conservation 13:2027-2053

 

35. Cilliers, C, Esler K.J. & Boucher, C (2004) Effects of alien plant management and fire on soil seed banks and regeneration in the Cape Peninsula National Park, South Africa.  South African Journal of Botany 70(5):705-712

 

36.   Pienaar, E., Esler, K.J. & Mucina, L. (2004) Vegetation of mesas and surrounding plains in the southeastern Nama Karoo, South Africa. South African Journal of Botany   70(4): 540-558

 

37.   Cilliers, CD., Botha A, Esler KJ and Boucher C (2005) Effects of alien plant management, fire and soil chemistry on selected soil microbial populations in the Cape Peninsula National Park, South Africa.  South African Journal of Botany, 71(2):211-220

 

38.   Winter, S.J., Esler, K.J. & Kidd, M (2005) An index to measure the conservation attitudes of landholders towards Overberg Coastal Renosterveld, an endangered vegetation type in the Cape Floral Kingdom, South Africa.  Biological Conservation, 126:383-394

 

39.   Holmes, PM, Richardson DM, Esler, KJ, Witkowski, EJF & Fourie, S (2005) A decision making framework for restoring riparian zones degraded by invasive alien plants in South Africa. South African Journal of Science, 101:553-564

 

40.   Dreyer, LL, Esler, KJ, Zeitsman, J (2006) Flowering phenology of South African Oxalis – possible indicator of climate change? South African Journal of Botany 72: 150-156

 

41.   Ollis, D, Boucher, C, Dallas, H., Esler, KJ (2006) Preliminary testing of the Integrated Habitat Assessment System (IHAS) for aquatic macroinvertebrates. African Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 31:1-14.

 

42.   Jacobsen AL, Agenbag L, Esler KJ, Pratt, RB, Ewers FW, Davis SD. Xylem density, biomechanics and anatomical traits correlate with water stress in 17 evergreen shrub species of the Mediterranean-type climate region of South Africa. Journal of Ecology 2007, 95: 171-183.

 

43.   Ollis, D, Dallas, H., Esler, KJ, Boucher, C (2006) Bioassessment of the ecological integrity of river ecosystems using aquatic macroinvertebrates: an overview with a focus on South Africa.  African Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 31(2)

 

44.   Krug, CB, Esler, KJ, Hoffman, TM, Henschel J, Schmiedel, U & Jόrgens N (2006) North/South co-operation through BIOTA: An interdisciplinary monitoring programme in arid and semi-arid southern Africa. South African Journal of Science, 102:187-190

 

45.   Richardson, DM, Holmes, PM, Esler KJ, Galatowitsch, SM, Stromberg, JC, Krikman, SP & Pysek, P & Hobbs, RJ (2007)  Riparian vegetation: degradation, alien plant invasions and restoration prospects. Diversity & Distributions, 13(1):115

       http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2006.00301.x

 

46.   Winter, S.J., Prozesky, H. & Esler, K.J. (2007). A case study of landholder attitudes and behaviour towards the conservation of Renosterveld, a critically endangered vegetation type in the Cape Floral Kingdom, South Africa. Environmental Management, 40:46-61

 

B: BOOK CHAPTERS / BOOKS

 

  1. Esler, K.J., Rundel, P.W. and Cowling, R.M. (1998). Biodiversity and Conservation Biology  of Coastal Transition Zones from Mediterranean to Desert Ecosystems: An Intercontinental Comparison. In:  Rundel, P.W., Montinegro, G. and Jaksic,F. (eds). Landscape Degradation in Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems.  Springer-Verlag.

 

  1. Esler, K.J.  Plant Reproductive Biology. (1999).  In: Milton, S. and Dean, W.R.J. (eds). The Karoo: ecological patterns and processes. Cambridge University Press.

 

3.      Esler, K.J., Rundel, P.W. and Cowling, R.M. (1999).  The succulent karoo in a global context: plant structural and functional comparisons with North American winter rainfall deserts. In: Milton, S. and Dean, W.R.J. (eds). The Karoo: ecological patterns and processes. Cambridge University Press. Highlighted as being an "outstanding chapter" in a review by Andrew Illius (2000) Another two unique biomes? Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 15:124.

 

  1. Esler, K.J., Jones F.E., Burke, A., Samways, M., Barnard, P., Gilbert, F. & Wissel, C.  (2002). Guidelines for sustainable rangeland management: recommendations on ecological restoration of rangelands in the semi-arid Nama Karoo Biome.  Magenta press, Cape Town. ISBN: 0-620-29382-9.

 

  1. Esler, K.J., Milton, S.J., Dean, W.R. eds. (2006).  Karoo veld: Ecology and Management. Briza Publications.  ISBN: 1-87509352-4.

 

  1. Esler, K.J., Milton, S.J., Dean, W.R. eds. (2006).  Karooveld: Ekologie en Bestuur. Briza Publikasies.  ISBN: 1-87509355-9.

 

  1. Mucina, L, Jόrgens, N, le Roux, A, Rutherford, MC, Schmiedel, U, Esler, K.J.,Powrie, LW, Desmet, PG and Milton SJ (2006)  Succulent Karoo Biome. In Mucina, L & Rutherford, MC (eds) The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland.  Strelitzia 19. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria.

 

C: PUBLISHED, PEER REVIEWED CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS

 

  1. Esler, K.J., Laros, M.T., Jones, F.E. , Burke, A. & Barnard, P. (2003). Views on policy from a joint European – southern African funded project: The role of isolated mountains in the sustainable rangeland management of the Nama-karoo.  Pp 1999 – 2003. Proceedings of the V1th International Rangeland Congress, Durban.

 

  1. Esler, K.J. & Boucher, C. (2004) The potential impact of alien woody plant invasions and their control on alien seed banks in the Western Cape, South Africa.  Proceedings of the Vth  International Conference on Mediterranean Ecosystems, Rhodos, Greece. Arianoutsou & Pamanastasis (eds). Milpress, Rotterdam. ISBN 9059660161

 

  1. Agenbag, L, Esler, KJ & Midgley, G. (2004). An environmental gradient reveals how climate influences phenophases in fynbos growth forms. Proceedings of the Vth International Conference on Mediterranean Ecosystems, Rhodos, Greece. Arianoutsou & Pamanastasis (eds). Milpress, Rotterdam. ISBN 9059660161

 

  1. Agenbag, L, Esler, KJ & Midgley, G. (2004) Studies along an environmental gradient reveal how biome boundaries may respond to climate change. Proceedings of the Vth International Conference on Mediterranean Ecosystems, Rhodos, Greece. Arianoutsou & Pamanastasis (eds). Milpress, Rotterdam. ISBN 9059660161

 

  1. Agenbag, L, Rutherford, M, Midgley G, & Esler, KJ (2004) Fundamental and realised niches of fynbos and karoo seedlings as revealed by reciprocal transplants. Proceedings of the Vth International Conference on Mediterranean Ecosystems, Rhodos, Greece. Arianoutsou & Pamanastasis (eds). Milpress, Rotterdam. ISBN 9059660161

 

  1. Esler, K.J., Milton, S.J. (2007) The movers and the shakers: Invasive alien plant dispersal interactions with disturbances in arid environments. Proceedings of the International Conference on Mediterranean Ecosystems, Perth, Western Australia. Rokich, D., wardell-Johnson, G., Yates, C, Stevens, J, Dixon, K., MCLellan, R & Moss, G  (eds). Kings Park and Botanic Garden. ISBN 978-1-876479-12-1

 

  1. Holmes, P and Esler, K.J (2007) Restoration protocols for fynbos riparian vegetation following alien plant invasion. Proceedings of the International Conference on Mediterranean Ecosystems, Perth, Western Australia. Rokich, D., wardell-Johnson, G., Yates, C, Stevens, J, Dixon, K., MCLellan, R & Moss, G  (eds). Kings Park and Botanic Garden. ISBN 978-1-876479-12-1

 

  1. Jacobs, S, Swift, C, Esler, K and Crous, C (2007) Water relations in woody riparian species in South African rivers. Proceedings of the International Conference on Mediterranean Ecosystems, Perth, Western Australia. Rokich, D., wardell-Johnson, G., Yates, C, Stevens, J, Dixon, K., MCLellan, R & Moss, G  (eds). Kings Park and Botanic Garden. ISBN 978-1-876479-12-1

 

D: PUBLISHED CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS

 

  1. Esler, KJ. 2006. Interrogating gradients from sub-continental to site specific scales: have southern African studies yielded answers to global change challenges? Abstracts: South African Association of Botanists – Annual meeting 2006.  South African Journal of Botany 72: 313-347

 

  1. Vosse, S, Esler, KJ, Holmes, PM & Richardson, DM. 2006. Natural rehabilitation potential of riparian zones after alien clearing in the Fynbos Biome – Phase 1: a reference study of indigenous seed banks. Abstracts: South African Association of Botanists – Annual meeting 2006.  South African Journal of Botany 72: 313-347

 

  1. Zeitsman, J, Dreyer, LL & Esler, KJ. 2006. An assessment of the reproductive biology and ecology of selected rare and endangered Oxalis species. Abstracts: South African Association of Botanists – Annual meeting 2006.  South African Journal of Botany 72: 313-347

 

  1. Neethling, K, Esler, KJ & Midgley, GF. 2006. The effect of soil and climate on the growth and survival of A. saligna and A. Cyclops seedlings on a mountain gradient in Villiersdorp, South Africa. Abstracts: South African Association of Botanists – Annual meeting 2006.  South African Journal of Botany 72: 313-347

 

  1. Siqueira, SS, Dreyer, LL and Esler, KJ. 2007 The genus Oxalis in South Africa and its special approach to heterostyly.  Abstracts: South African Association of Botanists – Annual meeting 2006.  South African Journal of Botany 73:481-502

 

  1. Esler, KJ, Milton, SJ. 2007.The movers and the shakers: Invasive alien plant dispersal interactions with disturbances. Abstracts: South African Association of Botanists – Annual meeting 2006.  South African Journal of Botany 73:481-502

 

  1. Swift, CC, Jacobs, SM, Esler, KJ & Couus, C. 2007. Water relations of selected fynbos riparian species. Abstracts: South African Association of Botanists – Annual meeting 2006.  South African Journal of Botany 73:481-502

 

  1. Vosse, S, Esler, KJ, Richardson, DM and Holmes, PM. 2007. Effect of alien plant invasion on riparian seed bank assembly rules. Abstracts: South African Association of Botanists – Annual meeting 2006.  South African Journal of Botany 73:481-502

 

  1. Zietsman, J, Dreyer, LL & Esler, KJ. 2007. An assessment of the reproductive biology and ecology of selected rare and endangered Oxalis species. Abstracts: South African Association of Botanists – Annual meeting 2006.  South African Journal of Botany 73:481-502

 

  1. Esler, KJ & Milton, SJ .2007. Managing roads, rivers and powerline servitudes as biodiversity corridors through the landscape. Abstracts: South African Association of Botanists – Annual meeting 2006.  South African Journal of Botany 73:481-502

 

  1. Pretorius, MR, Esler, KJ, Holmes, PM and Prins, N. 2007. Re-evaluation of a riparian restoration experiment in the western Cape Province: status 8 years down the line. Abstracts: South African Association of Botanists – Annual meeting 2006.  South African Journal of Botany 73:481-502

 

  1. Theron, N, Esler, K, Dreyer, L, Jansen van Vuuren, B and Rambau, V. 2007 Genetic and morphological comparisons of a potentially invasive weed (Argemone ochroleuca) from it’s natural (Mexico) and invaded (South Africa) habitat.  Abstracts: South African Association of Botanists – Annual meeting 2006.  South African Journal of Botany 73:481-502

 

 

E: POPULAR/NON-REVIEWED ARTICLES

 

  1. Esler, K.J. (1989).  Editorial: Special issue of Sagittarius: Botany for Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow.  Sagittarius 4: December 1989

 

  1. Esler, K.J. (1990).  Women in South African ecology: where do they all go? Bulletin of South African Institute of Ecologists 8(2):1‑6.

 

  1. Esler, K.J. and Pierce, S.  (1990). Banking with uncertainties: how seeds cope. Veld and Flora 76:42‑44.

 

  1. Rundel, P., Cowling, R.M., Esler, K.J., Mustart, P., Van Jaarsveld, E.V. and Bezuidenhout, H. (1994).  Why the halfmens (Pachypodium namaquanum) faces north. Veld and Flora 80:106-107.

 

  1. Esler, K.J, Rundel, P.W and Connors P. (1995). All that glisters..Iceplants that leave California cold. Veld and Flora 81:12-13.

 

  1. Midgley, J.J., Cowling, R.M, Hendricks, H, Desmet, P.G., Esler, K.J. and Rundel, P. (1996).  Tree Succulents in the Richtersveld. Veld and Flora 28:74-75

 

  1. Du Preez, G. and Esler, K.J. (1997).  How to conserve Carpobrotus - the edible way. Veld and Flora June p.45.

 

  1. Esler, K.J. and Rundel, P.W. (1998) Unusual geophytes of the Succulent Karoo: how form can relate to function. Veld and Flora 84:6-7.

 

  1. Rundel, P., Esler, K.J. and Midgley, G.F. (1998). The ecophysiological significance of Mesembryanthemaceae growth forms and demography. Aloe 35: 35-37.

 

  1. Esler, K.J. (1998). Koppie Conservation. Grootfontein Newsletter 1:11.

 

  1. Esler, K.J. and Kellner, K (2001). Resurrecting degraded Karoo veld. Farmers Weekly, 9 March p24-26.

 

  1. Esler, K.J. and Kellner, K (2001). Verwoeste Karooveld kan herwin word. Landbouweekblad, 9 Maart p8-10.

 

  1. McMaster, M & Esler, KJ.  (2005) Tortoises may help rehabilitate Karoo Veld. Farmers Weekly, 9 December, 2005

 

  1. Esler, KJ, Schackleton, L & Chinsamy-Turan, A. (2006) SAWISE and HERS-SA: Raising the profile of women in science.  South African Journal of Science, In Press

 

  1. Esler, KJ, Milton, SJ. (2007). Towards best practice in management of road reserves.  Veld and Flora, March:11-12.

 

F: REPORTS

 

  1. Esler, K. (1995). Guide to vegetation reclamation after open-cast mining in semi-arid regions: specific reference to revegetation of disturbed land in the Succulent Karoo Biome of South Africa.  Unpublished Report for Trans Hex Group Limited.

 

  1. Salchner, G. and Esler, K. (1996). Seed germination of Sceletium tortuosum (L.) N.E.Br (Aizoaceae) and Harpagophytum procumbens (DC.) (Pedaliaceae).  Unpublished Report for Grassroots Natural Products CC.

 

  1. Esler, KJ, Jones, FE, Burke, A, Samways, M, Barnard, P, Gilbert, F and Wissel C. (2002). The role of Isolated Mountains in the sustainable rangeland management of the Nama Karoo. Final Report to the European Union.  http://www.sun.ac.za/botany/Esler%20Site/index.html

 

  1. Reed, M.S., Bartels, G., Croal, P., Dougill, A.D., Esler, K., Kellner, K., Milton, S., Taylor, M.J., Waters-Bayer, A., Zimmerman, I. & Bayer, W. 2005. Veld Health Check: a manual for southwest Kgalagadi farmers. Indigenous Vegetation Project Publication, NDP/UNEP. Government Printer, Gaborone, Botswana.

 

  1. Reed, M.S., Bartels, G., Croal, P., Dougill, A.D., Esler, K., Kellner, K., Milton, S., Taylor, M.J., Waters-Bayer, A., Zimmerman, I. & Bayer, W. 2005. Veld Health Check: a manual for southeast Kgalagadi farmers. Indigenous Vegetation Project Publication, NDP/UNEP. Government Printer, Gaborone, Botswana.

 

  1. Reed, M.S., Bartels, G., Croal, P., Dougill, A.D., Esler, K., Kellner, K., Milton, S., Taylor, M.J., Waters-Bayer, A., Zimmerman, I. & Bayer, W. 2005. Veld Health Check: a manual for Boteti farmers. Indigenous Vegetation Project Publication, UNDP/UNEP. Government Printer, Gaborone, Botswana.

 

  1. Esler, K.J. & Milton, SM (2006) Towards best practice in management of road, powerline and rail reserves.  C.I.B. Occasional Paper Series 1:8 August 2006. Available online: http://academic.sun.ac.za/cib/occasion.htm

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©2007 Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology, Stellenbosch University
Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology